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Objective:To investigate the value of neck circumference (NC) for identifying metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:a total of 413 type 2 diabetic patients (188 male and 225 female) in Qinhuangdao Chinese Medicine Hospital from August 2018 to July 2019 were recruited. Waist circumference (WC), NC and metabolic indicators were measured. The association between WC, NC and metabolic indicators was explored. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the abilities of NC.Results:The average age of male was (55.35 ± 14.15) years, and the detection rate of MS was 74.47% (140/188). The average age of female was (60.19 ± 10.29) years, and the detection rate of MS was 71.11% (160/225). In male group, WC showed a negative correlation with age and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ( P<0.05); NC showed a negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C ( P<0.05), and a positive correlation with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ( P<0.05). In female group, WC showed a positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and a negative correlation with HDL-C; NC showed a positive correlation with FPG and SBP. WC and HC were good indexes for identifying metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes (WC: AUC male 0.862, female 0.870; NC: AUC male 0.745, female 0.752). After applying the ROC analysis, neck circumferences ≥ 34.5 cm in males and ≥ 31.75 cm in females were determined as the best cutoff values to predict MS in type 2 diabetes. Conclusions:NC is a helpful tool to detect MS in type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To prepare a conjugate vaccine by linking Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)polysaccharide to PsaA protein carrier and evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of the conjugate vaccine. Methods A recombinant protein rPsaA,expressed by using the genetic engineering technology, was used as a protein carrier to prepare conjugate vaccine together with Hib polysaccharide. Ten mice at age of 3 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine,while another 10 age-matched mice were immunized with Hib-tetanus toxoid(Hib-TT)vaccine which was produced formerly as a control. The mice treated with equal volume of PBS were set up as the negative control. The IgG antibodies in serum samples against PsaA and Hib polysaccharide were detected in two weeks after the final immunization. A suspension of Pneumococ-cus was injected into the middle ears of mice from experiment and control group. Histopathological analysis was performed to measure the clearance of bacteria in the middle ears and the severity of infection on days 3 and 7 after bacterial challenge. Results The rPsaA protein was prepared by the genetic engineering tech-nology and purified successfully with anion-exchange column. The Hib polysaccharide-PsaA protein conju-gate vaccine was prepared through a series of amide condensation reactions. The detection of IgG antibodies against PsaA protein and Hib polysaccharide in the immunized mice demonstrated that there was no signifi-cant difference with the titer of IgG against Hib polysaccharide between the mice immunized with the Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine and those immunized with the Hib-TT vaccine. Less Pneumococcus strains were de-tected in the middle ears of mice immunized with the conjugate vaccine than those mice immunized with the Hib-TT vaccine three days after challenge. The mice from control group showed severe inflammation in the middle ears than those from experiment group. The Hib polysaccharide-PsaA protein conjugate vaccine im-proved protection against Pneumococcus infections as compared with the Hib-TT vaccine. Conclusion The rPsaA protein could be produced by genetic engineering technology and purified by anion-exchange column. The Hib polysaccharide was successfully conjugated with the rPsaA protein through amide condensation reac-tion. Both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses were induced in young mice by the injection of Hib pol-ysaccharide-PsaA protein conjugate vaccine. Apart from providing protection against Hib infection,the con-jugate vaccine might also be used for the prevention of acute otitis media caused by Pneumococcus infection.
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Objective To prepare the chitosan-potD nanoparticles and to evaluate its protective efficacy against pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization. Methods potD gene was amplificated from pneumococcal genome and was inserted into pVAX1 expression vectors to construct pVAX1-potD recombinant plasmid which was then transfected into 293T cell using LipofectAMINE 2000 to analyze transient potD gene expression in vitro by RT-PCR and Western blot. Chitosan-potD nanoparticles were freshly prepared by coacervation methods at each time and the characterizations of the nanoparticles were then evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized with chitosan-potD, naked potD DNA or pVAX1 for 4 times at two-week intervals. Anti-PotD IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels in serum and IgA levels in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and middle ear lavages(MEL) were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-17A, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in splenocytes were determined by double sandwich ELISA. Mice were intrannsally challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC6303, and Pneumococci were recovered from the nasopharyngeal niche at the fifth day after challenge. Results potD gene was successfully amplificated by PCR and the sequence was confimed to be consistent with that in the Genbank. The pVAX1-potD recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and was expressed in eukaryocytes in vitro. The mean size and zeta potential of chitosan-potD nanoparticles was 430 nm and + 20.5 mv, respectively. Chitosan-potD nanoparticles were not digested by DNase Ⅰ , while naked potD DNA was completely digested. The levels of antibodies inculding IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and cytokines including IL-17A, IL-4 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in mice immunized with chitosan-potD nanoparticles than mice with naked potD or pVAX1 ( P <0.05) only. More importantly, much less Pneumococci were recovered from mice immunized with chitosan-potD nanoparticles than the other groups(P <0.05). Conclusion Chitosan-potD nanoparticles significantly enhanced the immunogenicity and protection efficacy of DNA vaccines by intranasal immunization and could be used as a potential mucosal vaccine to prevent pneumococcal infection.
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OBJECTIVE:To promote the information management of Chinese medicinal decoction piece.METHODS:Information management modes in every part of the management of Chinese medicinal decoction piece were discussed basing on network structure and operating environment of hospital drug management system.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Database for rational use of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces has been established to provide links of network operation platform and rational processes,which are beneficial to information management of Chinese medicinal decoction piece.
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OBJECTIVE: To improve the checking management of outpatient pharmacy and to reduce the error rates of checking process. METHODS: With the data from "Army No 1" hospital information system, to designe dynamic checking table ordered by fixed location of each drugs in containers, and pending prescription transfer database is established to manage unconfirmed expired prescriptions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The order of name in the stock table of drugs is identified to the position of each drug in containers. There is no requirement for incorporate check-in operation of the same kind of drugs from various manufactories and identification of their locations. Taken advantage of computer technology, this checking program is more time-saving, simple and easy, and significantly increases the accuracy of results.
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OBJECTIVE: To monitor clinical rational use of drugs,analyze the problems involved and to put forward reasonable suggestions.METHODS: Using the platform of medical information communication established based on the "Military Medical Project No.1" local area network and "Hospital Information Management System",the electronic medical records of the inpatients,ward round records,treatment plans and the relative laboratory test reports from October 2006 to March 2007 were retrieved online.The involved problems were discussed with clinical physicians through the network.RESULTS: The problems in the clinical drug use manifested as repeated medication,improper administration,overdoses and adverse interactions of combined drugs.The irrational prophylactic administration of antibiotics in the surgical department was characterized by improper choice of drugs and prolonged course of treatment etc.CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to drug interactions,and the indications for drug combination and course of treatment should be kept under tightly control so as to reduce adverse reactions and delay the onset of drug resistance.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into the approach of managing drug account in emergency pharmacy by Excel.METHODS:Drug account in hospital emergency pharmacy was established by means of Excel,the drugs in the emergency pharmacy were kept under control by means of Excel’s multi-functions like searching,sorting,selecting statistics,etc.RES_ ULTS:Through excel,a clear shift records account of emergency pharmacy drugs was achieved,the recording and statistics of prescriptions become more convenient and fast,both the working efficiency and the congruity between the account and the drugs were greatly enhanced.CONCLUSION:Intelligentized management of emergency pharmacy drugs can be effectuated by means of Excel.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the ex vivo adsorption of montmorillonite powder to ofloxacin.METHODS:Different dosages of ofloxacin and montmorillonite powder were mixed with artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice,respec?tively,which were filtrated after warmed at(37?0.5)℃in water bath for1hour,the content changes of ofloxacin were de?termined by ultraviolet spectrometry.RESULTS:The adsorption rates of montmorillonite powder to ofloxacin in artificial gastric juice and in artificial intestinal juice were(99.76?0.01)%and(99.55?0.02)%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Montmorillonite powder has strong adsorption to ofloxacin in both artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice,there?fore,which should not be administered simultaneously in the clinic.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide electronic drug directions for hospital staffs.METHODS:Based on the military hospital information system,a system that can provide electronic drug directions was developed by establishing the database,collecting and sorting drug directions.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:This system is characterized by friend user interface,convenient input,quick inquiry,easy maintenance and widespread service,which can help hospital staffs to get the drug di?rections quickly and exactly and hence to better serve patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide information concerning the rational use of prepared slices of Chinese crude drug(PSCCD)for medical staff.METHODS:Based on the”Junwei No.1”hospital information system,a database system that can provide information of rational use of PSCCD was developed through setting up database and sorting the information of PSC?CD.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:This system is characterized by low cost,high transportability,friendly user interface,quick inquiry and easy maintenance,which can facilitate medical staff’s convenient,quick and accurate mastering of the info_ rmation of PSCCD so as to provide better service for the patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the approach to launch pharmaceutical care in hospital preparation room.METHODS:The contents of launching pharmaceutical care in the preparation room of our hospital were analyzed and summarized retrospectively.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:A shifting toward technical service is on the way by launching pharmaceutical care in hospital preparation room.